All subjects lived in Chonnam Province. They were mainly members of the Chonnam University Hospital, medical students, relatives of patients, and persons visiting the hospital for regular physical checkups. Subjects were screened to select a population of disease-free nonsmokers. Normal was defined as having no history of 1 smoking, 2 asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia or cardiac disease, 3 persistent cough, 4 recent treatment for any respiratory or cardiac symptoms, 5 chest injury or operation, 6 working in a polluted atmosphere for any extended period, finally, no evidence of cardiopulmonary disease on a physical examination, an EKG, or a chest radiograph.
Height, weight, and hemoglobin concentration were measured. With the subjects in the sitting position, their noses were clamped and initial maximal exhalation was followed by maximal inhalation of the test gas contained 0. After a second holding of the breath the exhaled gas was collected in a sample bag, and the sampling was analyzed for CO and He. Then the DLCO was calculated as follows:. The correlations based on the diffusion capacity of the lung and the physical characteristics, such as age, height, weight and body surface area were observed.
A total of 90 healthy nonsmoking men and women were included in the study. The distribution by decades of age is shown in Table 1. Mean temperature; Mean pressure; The mean values of age and height from the present study were substituted in the formulas of previous studies in calculating the predicted mean.
The observed means are those that were calculated from the total sample of the present study. The predicted mean using the formulas of the present study was lower than those using the formulas of previous studies for western peoples. As an index of pulmonary gas exchange, the test for DLCO, as well as the other lung function tests has been widely accepted in clinical practices or epidemiologic studies of disease of the respiratory system.
It is quite valuable in the early diagnosis and evaluation of severity of pulmonary interstitial diseases and it may be used in epidemiologic studies of occupational lung diseases, such as asbestosis and berylliosis.
Because the diffusing capacity of the lung depends chiefly on the area and thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane available for diffusion Dm and the pulmonary capillary blood volume Vc , it may decrease in patients with various cardiopulmonary disorders that affect Dm, Vc, or both. These factors should be taken into account when the values are estimated.
There are many technical problems in measuring DLCO as in other lung function tests. They include the variability of the breath-hold-interval, and the difficulties in estimating the amount of exhaled gas, and the concentration of carbon monoxide. Many studies have been done to establish normal predicted values for the diffusing capacity of the lung, but the normal standard values have not been settled on yet.
An agreed upon set of normal standard values for Koreans is needed. Ogilvie et al 4. Monday, March 26, AM. Did you ever get this to work? I have the same problems with my BTv and Jabra has no drivers on their website that I can find. Thanks, Adam. Monday, April 2, PM. All well and good Casual Jim, but aren't these Toshiba drivers time limited to only 30 days? We need a permanent solution to this problem not a 30 day one!!!
Tuesday, April 10, AM. I have rip the driver from dell bt It has digitial signatures. You can find here. Friday, April 13, AM. Monday, May 21, PM. Thanx for the tip.. Anyone can do this with ease and use their bluetooth devices with vista. Friday, May 25, PM. Sunday, September 2, PM. Tuesday, September 4, PM. Kristina, I would expect my vista ultimate to include support for bluetooth devices. Tuesday, October 30, AM. I really need this solution.
Saturday, January 19, PM. ZXQ wrote: Same Issue. Thursday, February 7, PM. OK, here's the solution that worked for me Monday, February 11, AM.
Really anoying. Monday, February 11, PM. Hello I am Having the same probleem with my Nokia HS W and i would like to use the headset as a voice pa system at presentations. Thursday, February 14, AM. I finally got mine working!!! As audio device and also with Skype. Good luck!!! Sunday, February 24, PM. Thanks, Steve.
Saturday, March 15, PM. Friday, March 21, PM. I have a Jawbone headset and MDL's solution worked for me. It's a little scratchy, so the driver may not be perfect, but it's working. Tested audio out only - haven't tested recording capability. Thanks for the info! Saturday, April 5, AM. Friday, April 18, AM. Tuesday, May 20, AM. Tuesday, May 20, PM. It has come to our attention that you were not able to complete the process or respond to our message. We would like to take this opportunity to apologize for the inconvenience.
Ryan, Below is the link, which will help you to fix the issue with bluetooth headset. Sunday, June 1, AM. Wednesday, July 2, PM. Hope this helped. Friday, November 7, AM. Dear co-sufferers, I have Jabra BT, just wanted to try out nothing much!
I wanted to try making PC calls or voice chats or listen songs, quietly or quality whatever. I updated to the latest BT driver from Toshiba site to 6. Surprisingly it worked! It would detect by itself when i turned on the device and WMP and other windows sound devices were automatically configured to tht device.. It was really a good moment. After this weekend, i dont know if its because of those Windows updates or what I tried re-installing the BT software..
But there is no icon for Bluetooth Head set like it used to be.. When I press a button on the headset I have not configured any devices or so regarding BT after it was working.. Previously, it showed bluetooth audio device in Device Manager, now its not there. Now nothing.. When I try to Add a New Connection.. Thursday, November 13, AM. I am getting the same thing. What happens is if you try turning the device on while seeing the paired devices screen, the item will be there and for a brief second it will show as connected, and then it goes away again.
If you delete it, and then repair it it will work temporarily, but as soon as you restart, you're toast again and have to repair. MS: Please get this right! Thursday, November 13, PM. Lewis, M. Deutsch, H. Dunn, M. Dunn, W. Chicago: American Hospital Association, Eisendorfer, A. Eisler, E. Hartmann and George Newcomb. Lawrence, Part II. Character and Personality, IX, No. Eissler, K. Contributions to the Psychology of Jealousy. Psa u. Imago XXIV, , pp. Preliminary Report: Newdigate M. Phillips, and Ralph M.
Emch, M. Imago, II, , pp. Window is also larger than windows of passes and In some implementations, module may establish or adjust the size of timing windows in a fashion similar to the adjustment of the size of windows For example, module may direct processor 26 to automatically increase or decrease the size of the timing window depending upon the degree of success being achieved by the player with the current timing window In other implementations, system may prompt a person to input various settings or parameters for establishing such timing windows In the example illustrated, the timing accuracy of the actual throw is depicted on the timing window at point In the example illustrated, the player may visibly ascertain that his or her throw was on the long side of the range of times which the ball was to reach our pass through window for the particular pass.
In other circumstances, point may be illustrated at a location within timing window , or depending upon the timing of the actual throw, to the left or to the right of the illustrated timing window illustrating that the ball arrived at the location target window early or late, respectively.
In the example illustrated, module directs processor 26 to present three different kick or punt target regions defined by a target window and having a minimum hang time values HT Each target window defines the region of the football field in which a kick or punt is to land.
Each hang time value is a minimum hang time for the kick or punt. In the example illustrated, actual landing locations are identified by x-shaped graphics In one implementation, module utilizes the determined kick football event impact of football by the kickers foot to determine the hang time. In one implementation, module indicates whether a particular punt or kick satisfies the minimum hang time value HT by displaying the punt or kick landing spot x in different colors.
In one implementation, a kick or punt satisfying minimum hang time will be displayed in the color green by kicker but a kick or punt not satisfying the minimum hang time will be displayed in the color red. In one implementation, the extent to which a punt or kick satisfies or fails to satisfy the minimum hang time value may be indicated through different indicia or other form such as colors, brightnesses or the like.
For example, different kicks or punts having hang times falling within different ranges of time may be presented with different colors, brightnesses, symbols or the like. As a result, system allows a person or player to visibly ascertain his or her kicking or punting performance, not only taking into account positional accuracy but concurrently taking into account hang time. In one implementation, such screenshots are presented on a screen or display 22 of a portable electronic device such as a portable smart phone, a portable personal data assistant, a portable digital music player IPOD etc or a portable tablet.
In other implementations, such screenshots may be presented on a laptop or desktop computer. Each of such selections can be made using a touchsereen or may be made using a keyboard, touchpad or other input device. In the example illustrated, the user is provided with the options of selecting various instructional videos A, B, C pertaining to field-goal kicking.
In response to such selections, instructional videos are presented on a video window portion of display In the example illustrated, the user is provided with the options of selecting various instructional videos A, B, C pertaining to punting. In response to such selections, instructional videos are presented on display As indicated by a data entry section or screenshot portion , processor 26 prompts the user to enter data regarding the conditions of the kick.
In the example, processor 26 prompts the user, on display 22 , to enter the field-goal length and the field position center, left hash, right hash. Processor 26 may also prompt a user to input whether the kick is taking place indoors, outdoors, or whether the kick is with a net or a physical post. In some implementations, processor 26 may prompt a user to indicate whether the physical field-goal post is a high school, college or professional field-goal post.
Processor 26 further prompts user to provide environmental data such as wind direction. As noted above, in some implementations, such environmental conditions may be sensed or may be retrieved from remote sources.
Such notification may occur after synchronization between input 24 and transmitter of ball During the sample kick, sensor gathers data are values for various ball travel parameters and transmits them to input 24 using transmitter As noted above, the provision of data to input 24 may occur in other fashions in other implementations. Upon completion of the kick sample, processor 26 displays the ball travel parameters. In the example illustrated, the data collected comprises launch angle, speed, spin and direction of the football.
In other implementations, the screenshot of FIG. In some implementations, processor 26 may indicate on display 22 at what distance the field-goal attempt would've been successful, or at what distances the field-goal attempt would not have been successful.
The processor may indicate with what types of field-goal post the kick would've been successful or unsuccessful. This may be beneficial in those circumstances where the kick attempt is being made without actual field-goal posts. As shown by FIGS.
Similar presentations may be made with the field-goal attempt is indicated to be wide left, wide right or short. Such statistics are further broken down according to the different distances of the field-goal kick attempts. In the example illustrated, processor 26 allows the user to look at historical data for various years, months, weeks or days.
Although the current selection for the time period is illustrated as being indicated by hatching, the current selection may be indicated in other manners such as color change, brightness and the like.
In the example illustrated, in response to receiving signals indicating that the screen of FIG. In response to receiving signals that advancement graphical user interface has been selected, processor 26 presents more detailed information on the screen shown in FIG.
The screenshot shown in FIG. In other implementations, the information provided in the screenshots shown in FIGS. In response to receiving signals indicating that advancement icon has been selected, processor 26 advances to present the screenshot shown in FIG. Selection of advancement icon of the screenshot shown FIG. The spin can be about a non-longitudinal axis of the football. In the screenshot shown FIG. Made and missed field goals are further indicated by the depicted trajectory of the ball with respect to the depicted goalpost.
In the example illustrated, processor 26 graphically depicts both a front view and a side view of the trajectories of the field-goal attempts. As a result, the user can visibly ascertain the height relative to the low point of the crossbar as well as determine the trajectory with respect to the vertical end posts of the goalpost. In the example illustrated, processor 26 depicts growth over the previous one-month period.
In the example illustrated, processor 26 depicts average field-goal accuracy for particular weeks at different field-goal distances. By inputting different settings, user assess accuracy growth for other time periods left in other than week to week such as day-to-day, month-to-month, year-to-year and the like. In other implementations, such growth or development maybe visibly depicted by processor 26 in other manners.
In the example shown in FIG. Such users may be a select group of friends or those in a league. In one implementation, such accuracy or ball travel parameter values may also be compared to accuracies or ball travel parameters of celebrities.
As a result, system may facilitate remote competitions. In the example illustrated, the user is provided with the options of selecting various instructional videos pertaining to passing. In the example illustrated, snap timing is the presented subcategory of passing.
Other subcategories include ball spiral and throwing motion. In response to such selections, instructional videos A, B, C are presented on display In the example illustrated, the data collected comprises spiral efficiency, speed, spin and release time. In data entry window , processor 26 further prompts the user to enter data regarding the conditions of the pass or throw.
In the example, processor 26 prompts the user, on display 22 , to enter whether the throw is to a receiver or simply a practice throw. Processor 26 may also prompt a user to input whether throw is following a time step drop, a five-step drop or a seven step drop or whether the throw was part of a quick snap such as a shot-gun snap. In some implementations, processor 26 further prompts a user to provide environmental data such as wind direction.
In the example illustrated, processor 26 further prompts a user to enter a target yardage in a target location for the upcoming throw. In one implementation, the input target yardage and target location visibly presented on display window which depicts a trajectory of a football utilizing the entered target yardage and target location.
As noted above, in other implementations, the target location for practice throw may be automatically selected by module Moreover, the manner in which the target is depicted may occur in other fashions, such as shown in FIGS.
As indicated by FIGS. For example, the trajectory of the ball may be drawn in real time upon display 22 as a ball is moving through its trajectory. In the example illustrated, the real-time view is triggered by rotation of the display 22 , wherein the gyroscope sensor such rotation and switches to a live view of the traveling football. In one implementation, the travel of the ball may be recorded and subsequently presented to the person who threw the football. In one implementation, processor 26 displays a count for each of the steps of the drop pass.
The displayed count may assist the user in timing the steps and in releasing the ball. In one implementation, processor 26 may utilize signals from ball to determine when the ball is snapped based upon accelerated movement of ball from an at rest state and may cause electronic device to emit an alert or sound at a predetermined lapse of time following the determined snap.
In other implementations, processor 26 may communicate with other sound emitting devices, such as remote sound emitting devices, and direct such other sound emitting devices to produce the audible alert following the predetermined lapse of time after the determine snap of the football.
The alert triggered by processor 26 based upon the determined snap of football may be utilized to indicate when a quarterback should pass or release the ball following a snap or may be used to indicate when a rush of the quarterback may begin such as in various flag or touch football leagues. In other implementations, the audible alert or light emission can be triggered from an initiating event, such as a snap, and then repeated at a fixed interval or frequency e.
The alert can then terminate upon indication of the release or passing of the football. In the example illustrated, processor 26 , following instructions for module , displays spiral efficiency, speed, spin and release time.
As further indicated by FIG. Spiral efficiency can be used to measure the effectiveness of a thrown American-style football. The spiral motion allows for the football to be thrown farther, at greater speeds and with greater accuracy than a non-spiral motion. American-style footballs have a prolate spheroidal shape in which the polar axis or major axis of the football is greater than its equatorial diameter or minor axis.
However, thrown footballs do not achieve perfect spiral motion because a slight torque is typically applied to the ball in the direction of handedness of the thrower. A right handed player will generally pull with his or her fingers on the right of the ball resulting in a yaw or lateral movement.
The yaw generally results in the football moving slightly left upon release and then right for a right-handed player and slightly right upon release and then left for a left handled player. Additionally, aerodynamic drag forces are not perfectly symmetrical and create a torque onto the football, which can cause a gyroscopic or wobble to the thrown football.
The term spiral efficiency is a measure of the degree in which the longitudinal axis of the football remains in line with the trajectory of the football as the football travels through the air and rotates about its longitudinal axis. In one implementation, in response to receiving signals indicating that the advanced graphical user interface has been selected for the spiral efficiency data FIG.
An example illustrated, signals from sensor carried by ball , such as accelerometers, gyro sensors, provide data regarding spiral RPM, wobble RPM, the ratio of wobble to spiral RPM and the angle of the football wobble axis to the longitudinal vector of the football. In one implementation, processor 26 further presents graphical information relating to each of the individual throws.
The presentation of such information permits a person to evaluate his or her spiral efficiency. Through the evaluation of the wobble to spiral ratio over time, the person may further evaluate the stability of the spiral. Stability of spiral motion of the thrown football at the time of release from the thrower, immediately after release, and during the course of the entire throw can be measured, stored, compared, analyzed and monitored.
The characteristics of a thrown football or the spiral of a thrown football can vary over the course of the throw. Accordingly, the present system contemplates sensing, measuring, analyzing, and comparing information regarding the thrown ball.
As a result, system provides yet another tool for the person to evaluate and improve his or her football passing or throwing skills. Processor 26 presents a graphical depiction of the trajectory of multiple throws.
As a result, a person may visibly ascertain not only whether the throw was on target, but whether the throw had a desired trajectory or arc. In the example illustrated, processor 26 utilizes different colors or brightnesses to indicate whether or not the particular throw was on target for the selected yardage. In other implementations, other icons or graphical indications may be used to indicate accuracy of the throw. Such graphical information regarding trajectories may be selected from any historical time.
These embodiments incorporate the disclosure of features discussed above. Referring to FIGS. In other implementations, sports performance system of FIG. Examples of such a golf ball and the associated sensing componentry are described in copending U. Such analysis may be important to determine the distance for attaining a true roll of the golf ball on the green. Examples of such a basketball and the associated sensing componentry are described in copending U. The information presented by processor 26 comprises ball rotation, shot speed, shot trajectory and accuracy results.
Examples of such a baseball and the associated sensing componentry are described in copending U. The information presented by processor 26 comprises ball rotation, pitch speed, pitch type and pitch location results. The information presented by processor 26 comprises the type of kick, ball rotation, ball velocity and kick location accuracy results.
As a result, system tracks the highlights of a person in all the sports he or she is participating. In some implementations, the player may control what particular data is available to different individuals such that different individuals may have access to different types of information.
For example, a football coach may be provided access to only football data whereas a parent may be provided access to all data for the player or athlete. The triggering of such activation or downloading is achieved by entering the product name and product code in one implementation. In the example illustrated, system provides various selectable graphical user interfaces for such options as managing the team see FIG. In addition, processor 26 of system presents graphical user interfaces for allowing a coach or manager to quickly access a team schedule see FIG.
The calendar of team activity shown in FIG. If the date comprises a sporting event, game or match, selection of the date cause the processor 26 automatically retrieve and display statistics and results for the prior game or match or to retrieve and present information regarding the upcoming opponent, a map to the location of the sporting event and any additional miscellaneous information regarding the upcoming game, match, tournament or sporting event.
Although the claims of the present disclosure are generally directed to an American football training system, the present disclosure is additionally directed to the features set forth in the following definitions. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising:. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein receiving the signals comprises receiving signals while the football is moving. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the signals are received from the sensor while the sensors are attached to the football.
The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the signals received from the sensor while the sensors attached to the football. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the code is further configured to direct the processor to:.
The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the code is configured to further direct the processor to:.
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